Initially a = 4

a > 3, so a becomes 3

Again,3 > 3 is false

so, else is executed and prints 3

print is a keyword and cannot be used as a variable name.

len(dog) = 3

range(0,3) means it will start from 0 and ends at 2.

i.e. 0,1,2

pet[0] = d

pet[1] = o

pet[2] = g

and each print statement will print in the next line.

Length of the term is 6

len(coding) = 6

6 > 3 so outer if is satisfied

and prints - coding

6 <=8 is True

it is satisfied hence,

python is also printed.

Output is -

coding

python

index() function returns the index position of a particular element. In this case, index of the value 3 is 2 because index starts from 0 (not 1)

Initially, a = "Python3", b = "Python2"

In Python, you can swap the values easily using -

a, b = b, a

You can do swapping without function but this is just an example of swapping.

The default values of itemqty1 and item_qty2 in data(item_qty1 = 250, item_qty2 = 100) is overriden with

item_qty2 = 300, item_qty1 = 400 and the difference is 100.

In Python, you can assign values to multiple variables in a single statement in the same order.

The first character is 'B' and it is not equal to 'o' so it will be printed.

The next character is 'o' and it is equal to 'o' so the continue statement will make sure that it resumes from the next iteration without printing 'o'. Next, we have 'n' and it will be printed.

So, everything will be printed except 'o'. At last, else statement is printed because the loop is not terminated.