Manufacturing is the correct answer. Lean was created initially for Toyota automobile manufacturing plants, to help with their supply chain. It was later adapted for Agile frameworks not as a methodology, but as a complementary process.

The correct answer is Waterfall. Waterfall’s traditional cycle of plan-do-check-act was replaced by the ASD framework, to improve in an adaptive manner continuously.

An Agile project manager’s primary role is as a servant leader. While management tasks are done, they are performed at a lesser degree than what a Waterfall PM would do; it’s more important for an Agile PM to serve as a leader for their team. Agile PM teams are self-directed and self-managed, a concept that is difficult to grasp for stakeholders unfamiliar with Agile project management.

The correct answer is to find a process that works. Similar to the initiation phase in a Waterfall project, Iteration Zero gives the team a chance to prepare for future iterations. Iteration Zero does this by creating a process plan; identifying team roles and responsibilities; making an official determination of the process that will be used.

The correct answer is no, this is not an example of an effective user story. The reason is that it’s not specific and not able to be tested. Even if it is written in a user story format, it’s vague; where does the conversation get directed? This presents difficulty when trying to understand what the customer wants, and when features are being negotiated.

The correct answer is that the team members are upset and need Britta’s help. A good active listener is not self-focused. The key to active listening is to focus on the message being received, not thinking about what you as the PM are going to say or do next.

3 is correct because refactoring code so that a design is simple and easy to understand is totally appropriate and expected with an agile mindset. 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect.1is incorrect because refactoring does not need to be delayed in a project, moved to another project, or considered a delay at all. 2 and 4 are incorrect because good design is critical to the maintenance of software and refactoring is expected.

3 is correct because the team must focus on the agile principle of simplicity, maximizing the amount of work not done. 1, 2, and 4 are incorrect. 1 and 2 are incorrect because there is no correlation between bug completion and architect review. 4 is incorrect because a typical project includes 60 percent unused features, not 40.

2 is correct because a self-organizing team is relatively autonomous regarding major decisions related to software development. 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect. 1 is incorrect because the distance between team members has no bearing on a team’s choice to be self-organizing. 3 is incorrect because an agile team would not typically distribute assignments given by a typical manager. 4 is incorrect because there is no detailed examination typically within an agile project.

1 is correct because sprint retrospectives are performed to determine areas of improvement and to allow the team to make those adjustments in the future. 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect. 2 is incorrect because the retrospective could be during an iteration or release. 3 and 4 are incorrect choices because Sarah does not need to have a demonstration at the beginning of each cycle focused on developers.