UDP (User datagram protocol) floods are used frequently for larger bandwidth Distributed Denial Of Service (DDOS) attacks because they are connectionless and it is easy to generate UDP messages from many different scripting and compiled languages.

Bottom-up Programming: Piecing together of systems to build more complex systems, making the original systems a sub-system of the overarching system. OOP leans tends toward Bottom-Up, you start by developing your objects and build up.

Multifactor authentication requires more than one type of authentication; username/password are both knowledge factors, so is password/pin and fingerprint/retina scans are both biometrics.

Application layer firewalls are on the 7th OSI Layer. The key benefit of application layer firewalls is that they can understand certain applications and protocols. They see the entire packet; the packet isn't decrypted until layer 6; any other firewall can only inspect the packet, but not the payload. They can detect if an unwanted application or service is attempting to bypass the firewall using a protocol on an allowed port, or detect if a protocol is being used any malicious way.

Asset Value (AV) – How much is the asset worth?

Waterfall: Very linear, each phase leads directly into the next. The unmodified waterfall model does not allow us to go back to the previous phase.

The most common attacks against trademarks is counterfeiting: fake Rolexes, Prada, Nike, Apple products; either using the real name or a very similar name.

Single-use passwords and one-time pads. While they are passwords, it is something you have in your possession, not something you know.

The US military uses: Top-secret, secret, confidential and unclassified.

Now that we have completed our tests, just like on our log reviews, we need to use it and analyze the data we got from the testing. It can be huge amounts of data, and we need to prioritize what we act on first, what is acceptable and what is not. Think of the qualitative risk analysis, if it is low likelihood and low impact we may leave it alone and focus on higher priority items.