A is incorrect: Customer Lockbox provides control over Microsoft engineer access to customer data during support incidents. While a valuable security feature for external access, it does not manage internal administrator access, standing assignments, or just-in-time elevation requirements.
B is incorrect: Blocking sign-ins from outside the corporate network with Conditional Access is a location-based security measure. It does not address the core requirements of eliminating standing access, enforcing just-in-time activation, or requiring approval/MFA/justification for role elevation.
C is correct: Privileged Identity Management (PIM) is purpose-built to manage, control, and monitor access to important resources. It enables just-in-time access, meaning administrators only gain privileges for a limited time when needed, and can integrate approval workflows, MFA, and justification for activation, directly meeting all stated requirements.
D is incorrect: While useful for governance, periodic access reviews merely confirm existing assignments and do not inherently remove standing access, enforce just-in-time activation, or require approval/MFA/justification for temporary elevation.