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20.168.4.13 is an IP address. IP addresses consist of four binary octets that are normally translated into four base 10 numbers, separated by dots, ranging from 0-255.

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00-50-56-A3-04-0C is a typical MAC address.

167.34.284.49 is an invalid address.

2001:FE34:C4E8:8CF1:30A4:A09E:12FD:8E9A is an IPv6 address.

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Firewalls restrict traffic between the Internet and the local network.

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A router's primary responsibility is to direct the flow of traffic on a network. In many routers, it will also have a firewall feature though.

A switch is a device that connects nodes on a network. It does not restrict traffic.

VLANs are virtual LANs. They are used to create separate broadcast domains within a single or group of switches.

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A light meter (sometimes called a power meter or optical-power meter) measures the strength of light pulses in fiber-optic cables.

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A power monitor is used to test sources of electrical power. Wi-Fi analyzers measure wireless signals. A looking glass site performs basic network tests such as ping and traceroute from a remote location.

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Routers utilize IP addresses for routing. This function takes place at the Network layer (Layer 3).

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Routing does not occur in any other layer.

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tracert - tracert shows router hops and times between source and destination networks.

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arp shows IP-to-MAC associations, route shows destination networks, and ipconfig show the IP settings of the local IP configurations.

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A proxy server caches the Web pages requested by the hosts it serves, so when a host requests a cached Web page, it gets the page from the proxy instead of the Internet. This allows for faster access to the Web page.

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A NAT server is a server that hides the IP addresses of the hosts on the LAN.  

DNS servers resolve Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) to IP addresses.

SMTP servers take care of outgoing e-mails.

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Cable tester - A cable tester will check each wire for the correct pinout connection.

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A protocol analyzer needs a good link in order to do its job.

OTDR checks the length of fiber-optic cable, but not its configuration or function.

Crimpers attach connectors to the ends of cables.

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Network maps are the physical and/or logical representation of our network. When/if you physically move a router, switch, server, and so on, it would be a very wise plan to update any documentation that refers to it's location.

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The fact that you have 50 new employees added to your domain won't change the physical layout of your network.

Before or after the audit comes across as not very proactive.

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A router works at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI 7-Layer model. At this layer, IP addresses are used, not MAC addresses.

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Switches and bridges use MAC addresses to route the packets.

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ifconfig - This is a Linux/Unix command to display and change the network interface configuration.

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traceroute displays route paths and transit delays.  

Tracert is a Windows command that shows all network hops between two networks.  

Ipconfig is a Windows command to display computer IP configuration information.